Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, also known as temporomandibular disorder (TMD), refers to a range of conditions affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. The TMJ connects the jawbone to the skull, allowing for movements essential for speaking, eating, and other functions. Symptoms of TMJ dysfunction can include pain in the jaw, face, or neck, clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth, difficulty chewing, and even headaches or ear pain. The condition may arise from various factors, such as jaw injuries, arthritis, teeth grinding (bruxism), or stress-related muscle tension. Physical therapy can improve jaw mobility, relaxation techniques, and pain management.