A total hip replacement (also known as total hip arthroplasty) is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased hip joint is replaced with an artificial implant. This procedure is typically performed to relieve pain and improve mobility in patients suffering from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, or hip fractures.

During the surgery, the damaged surfaces of the hip joint are removed, including the femoral head (the ball at the top of the thigh bone) and the acetabulum (the socket in the pelvis). These are then replaced with prosthetic components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. The artificial joint is designed to mimic the natural movement of the hip.

Recovery from total hip replacement surgery often involves physical therapy to help regain strength and mobility, with many patients experiencing significant pain relief and improved function in their daily activities post-surgery.